High chambered coke oven



March 18, 1969 J. vAN ACKEREN 3,433,714

v HIGH CHAMBERED COKE OVEN Filed Oct. 20, 1965 Sheet of 2 g1 N fr@ '0 N1 Q INVESTOR.

v Josep# VAN ,4c/reel! March 18, 1969 J VAN ACKEREN 3,433,714

HIGH CHAMBERED COKE OVEN Filed Oct. 20, 1965 Sheet 2 of 2 INVENTOR. Jos/OH M4N [4c/(Maf @mg &

39 rroels Y United States Patent Oliice 3,433,714 Patented Mar. I8, 1969 5 Claims ABSTRACT oF THE DISCLOSURE A coke oven according to the invention includes a flow regulating restriction positioned in the main fuel conduit adjacent the base of the heating flues which restriction regulates the quantity of fuel gas applied to the low level and the high level burner in each heating iiue.

This invention relates to a high chambered coke oven having high and low level burners in the heating chambers, and more particularly to a high chambered coke oven in which both the high and low level burners are supplied with fuel gas from a single gas nozzle.

In recent years the capacity of horizontal regenerative coke ovens has been increased substantially by increasing the height of the coking chambers and providing a twostage heating system in the heating chambers. The twostage heating system includes high and low burners in each of the heating chambers that uniformly distribute heat through the heating walls to the coal in the adjacent coking chambers. Copending applications Ser. No. 393,124, now U.S. Patent No. 3,373,087 entitled Coke Oven Structure and Ser. No. 427,617 entitled High Chambered Coke Oven, both assigned to the assignee of the present invention, disclose high chambered coke oven structures with high and low burners.

A problem encountered in the construction of a coke oven having a two-stage heating system is the increased number of conduits or riser passageways required in the oven structure to provide supply passageways from the source of gaseous fuel to the high and low burners in each heating chamber. The pillar walls, division walls and other portions of the coke oven battery through which the conduits or passageways extend serve as structural members for the coke oven battery and support the heating chambers and coking chambers thereabove and it is desirable t0 maintain a minimum number of conduits or passageways in the structural members. The fabrication of riser passageways in the oven battery brickwork is expensive and time consuming. Reducing the number of riser passageways reduces proportionately the construction costs and also requires less labor to maintain.

Another problem encountered in a high chambered coke oven structure that burns rich fuel gas in the high and low level burners is the thermal decomposition of the rich fuel gas in the ducts or passageways. The thermal decomposition results in the deposit of a carbonaceous residuum in the conduits. The carbonaceous residuum eventually clogs the riser passageways and a substantial expenditure is required to remove this carbonaceous residuum therefrom. It has been found, however, where the lrich fuel gas is diluted with an inert diluent gas, the thermal decomposition of the rich fuel gas is substantially eliminated and the passageways remain open for the ow of fuel gas therethrough.

The gaseous products of combustion area readily available source of inert diluent gas. When a preselected amount of the waste combustion gas is admixed with the rich fuel gas there is little, if any, thermal decomposition of the rich fuel gas in the 1admixture as it is conveyed to the heating chamber. The waste combustion gas is preferably admixed with the rich fuel gas by circulating a portion of the waste combustion gas downwardly through the fuel supply ducts or passageways into a mixing charnber located beneath the regenerators. The rich fuel gas is introduced into the mixing chamber through a gas nozzle and is admixed with the waste combustion gas. The admixture is then conveyed through the riser passages to the burners in the respective heating chambers. It is readily apparent where the fuel gas is conveyed to each of the high and low level burners through separate passageways or conduits, a separate mixing chamber must be provided for each burner to admix the waste combustion gas with the rich fuel gas before it is conveyed through the riser passage to the respective burner in the heating chamber. This arrangement thus requires a separate mixing chamber and separate fuel gas supply nozzles for each burner in each of the heating chambers. It has been the aim of the industry to reduce the number of conduits or riser passageways in the coke oven battery structure so that the coke oven battery can be built with greater economy and the operating expenses required to maintain the coke oven structure reduced substantially.

Briefly, the invention herein disclosed is directed to a high chambered coke oven structure that has all of the advantageous features of a two stage heating system and requires a fewer number of conduits or riser passageways and fuel gas supply nozzles. The invention further includes an arrangement whereby the amount of fuel gas supplied to the high and low level burners in each heating chamber may be controlled for optimum heating conditions in the respective heating chambers. The fuel gas is supplied from a single gas nozzle to the heating chamber by a single main supply conduit extending upwardly through the coke oven structure. The main supply conduit terminates at the low level burner. A branch conduit is connected to the main conduit below the low level burner and supplies fuel gas to the high level burner. A flow regulating means is positioned in the main conduit above the juncture of the branch conduit with the main conduit and regulates the quantity of fuel gas supplied to the low level burner and high level burner in each heating chamber. The flow regulating nozzle is positioned below the level of the air inlet means for the heating chamber to thereby eliminate the formation of carbon on the ow regulating nozzle.

The main conduits of opposed heating chambers positioned on opposite sides of the coking chamber are interconnected at their base portion so that a preselected volume of waste combustion gas is admixed with the rich fuel gas supplied through the single gas nozzle. The fiow regulating means in the main conduit is `shaped to obtain maximum downward flow of waste combustion gas through the main cond-uit connected to the heating chamber.

Accordingly, the principal feature of this invention is to provide an improved high chambered coke oven structure that has a minimum number of fuel gas supply nozzles and a minimum number of riser passageways extending through the coke oven structural members.

Another feature of this invention is to provide an improved high chambered coke oven structure that has high and low level burners in the heating chamber supplied with fuel gas from a single nozzle and a means to control the quantity of fuel gas supplied to the respective burners.

These and other features of the invention will be more completely disclosed and described in the following specilication, the accompanying drawings and the appended claims.

In the drawings:

FIGURE 1 is a fragmentary vertical section in elevation taken crosswise of a coke oven battery embodying the present improvements. The section A-A of FIGURE l is taken longitudinally through a Iheating chamber and -along the line A-A in FIGURE 2. Section B-B is taken 3 through a coking chamber and a regenerator positioned therebelow and along the line B-B in FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2 is a composite section taken longitudinally through the coke oven battery illustrated in 'FIGUR'E 1. Section CC illustrates the conduits or riser passageways connecting the source of fuel gas with the high and low level burners and is taken along the line C-C in FIGURE 1. Section D-D illustrates the conduits or passageways connecting the heating chambers with the regenerators and is taken along the line D-D in FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 3 is an enlarged view of the flow regulating nozzle illustrated in FIGURES 1 and 2.

FIGURE 4 is a horizontal view in `section taken along the line 4-4 in FIGURE l and illustrating the arrangement of the high and low burners and the air supply means.

FIGURE 5 is a view similar to FIGURE 4 taken along the line 5 5 in FIGURE 1 and illustrating the branch conduit supplying the high level burner.

The invention is hereinafter described in conjunction with a high chambered horizontal coke oven battery of the well-known Becker crossover type disclosed in \U.S. Patent No. 2,100,762. It should be understood, however, that the present improvements are not restricted to coke ovens of the type therein described and the benefits of the present improvements can be realized in coke ovens of other types. The invention is further described in conjunction with the so-called under-jet type coke oven battery wherein the gaseous fuel is supplied through horizontal headers or conduits positioned in passageways beneath the regenerators. It should be understood that the features of this invention may be employed with other types of gaseous fuel supply means and the benefits of the present improvements realized therein.

Referring to the drawings and particularly FIGURES 1 and 2, there is illustrated a coke oven battery generally designated by the numeral that has a plurality of elongated coking chambers 12 extending crosswise thereof. Positioned in alternation with the coking chambers 12 are heating chambers generally designated by the numeral 14. The heating chambers 14 have heating walls 16 adjacent the respective coking chambers and transverse spaced partition walls 18 that divide the heating chambers into a plurality of vertical liues 20. Certain of the partition walls 18 are connected to the upper wall 22 of the heating chamber 14 and other of the partition walls have their upper edge portion terminating below the heating chamber upper wall 22. With this arrangement a group of vertical ues 20 are interconnected by means of a horizontal passageway 24 to a crossover ue 26. The crossover flue 26 extends over the coking chamber 12 and connects groups of flues 20 on opposite sides of the coking chamber 12 so that combustion takes place in one group of fines 20 on one side of the coking chamber and the gaseous products of combustion are conveyed through the crossover flue and downwardly through the vertical flues on the opposite side of the coking chamber 12. With this arrangement heat is extracted from the gaseous products of combustion as it ilows downwardly through the group of ilues 20 on the opposite side of the coking chamber 12.

Below the -liues 20 there are pairs of regenerators 28 and 30 associated with each heating chamber. Between the regenerators 28 and 30 there are pillar walls 32 that separate the respective regenerator chambers 28, 30 and serve as a structural support for the heating chambers 14. Between the pairs of regenerators there are division walls 34 that serve as structural members and support the coking chambers 12. The -ues 20 lhave openings 36 in their base portion 38 (FIGURE 4) connected to the regenerator chambers 28 and 30 by passageways 40 and 42, as is illustrated in section D-D of FIGURE 2. Positioned below the regenerators 28 and 30 are transversely extending sole ues 44 and 46 that are suitably connected to a source of air and to an exhaust stack for the waste gaseous products of combustion. The respective sole iues 44 and 46 are connected to the regenerators 28 and 30 by means of pas- .4 sageways 48 and 50. As is clearly illustrated in FIGURE 1, section B-B, and FIGURE 2, section D-'D, the air for admixture with the fuel gas is conveyed through `sole flues 44 and 46 to the regenerators 28 and 30. From the regenerators 28 and 30 the air is conveyed through passageways 40 and 42 and through the opening 36 in the ue base portion 38 where it is admixed with the fuel gas. The waste gaseous products of combustion are Withdrawn from the group of ues on the opposite lside of the coking chamber 12 through the opening 36 in the flue base portion 38 and are conveyed through the passageways 40 and 42 to the regenerators 28 and 30. The gaseous products of combustion exhaust from the regenerators 28 and 30 through the sole lines 44 and 46.

Within the ues 20 there are low level burners generally designated by the numeral 52 located at the ue base portion 38. Fuel gas supplied to the low level burner 52 is admixed with the air flowing through the opening 36 from the regenerators therebelow and combustion of the admixture takes place adjacent the iiue base portion 38 Ito provide heat for the coking chambers 12 adjacent their base portion. The partition walls 18 have a high level burner 54 that is spaced upwardly from the flue base portion 38. Combustion takes place at ythe high level burner 54 and provides heat for the upper portion of the adjacent coking chambers 12. With this arrangement, the coal charge within the coking chambers 12 is heated substantially uniformly throughout.

A high caloriic fuel gas also called a rich fuel gas, is supplied to a bank of ues 20 in a heating chamber 14 through a header pipe 56 that extends crosswise of the battery 10 in a passageway 58 below the battery supporting ma-t 60. The headers 56 are suitably connected to a source of rich fuel gas located adjacent the battery 10.

Within the pillar wall 32 separating the regenerators 28 and 30 there is a vertical main conduit or riser passageway 62 for each of the ues 20. Pairs of main conduits 62 on opposite sides of a coking chamber 12 are interconnected by a horizontal duct 64 so that the pairs of main conduits 62 are interconnected adjacent their lower end portion (FIGURE 2, section C-C). The horizontal conduit 64 is formed in the battery supporting mat 60 and has a pair of vertical legs 66 that are aligned with the main conduits 62. Fuel supply conduits 68 extend from the header 56 through valves 70 into the vertical legs 66 of horizontal conduit 64 and terminate in nozzles 72 extending upwardly into the main conduits. The valves 70 and nozzles 72 are arranged fto supply in alternation rich fuel gas to one of the interconnected main conduits 62. With this arrangement, rich fuel gas is supplied upwardly from the header 56 through the conduit 68 and nozzle 72 into the main conduit 62, as indicated by the arrows.

As best seen in FIGURES 1 and 3, the main conduit 62 has an enlarged portion 74 that extends below the flue base portion 38 and has an inturned shoulder portion 75. Positioned within the enlarged section in abutting relation with the shoulder 75 is a flow control nozzle 76 that is arranged to regulate the quantity of gas supplied to the low level burner 52 at the ue base portion 38. The positioning of the ow regulating nozzle 76 below the air outlet 36 in the ue base 38 prevents carbon from forming on the flow regulating nozzle 76. Beneath the flow regulating nozzle 76 there is a branch conduit 78 that extends horizontally from the main conduit 62 for a short distance and then upwardly through 4the partition wall 18 and is connected to the high level burner 54. The branch conduit 78 is arranged to convey a portion of the fuel gas from the main conduit 62 to the high level burner 54.

The flow regulating nozzle 76 controls the quantity of gas supplied to `the respective low level burner 52 and high level burner 54. It should be noted with the above described arrangement there is no appreciable increase in gas pressure in the branch conduit supplying the high level burner because the branch conduit is open and unrestricted. The nozzle 76 in the main conduit 62 is subjected to the total gas pressure that is both the velocity head and the static head of the gas stream flowing through the main conduit 62. The high level burner 54 is, however, subjected only to the static head of the gas stream. The quantity of gas supplied to the low level burner 52 and the high level burner 54 may be easily controlled by regulating the size of the metering nozzle 76. The opening at the flue base 38 is defined as the low level burner 52 because combustion takes place at that location where the fuel gas is admixed with the air and igni-ted. The flow regulating or metering nozzle 76, however, controls the flow of fuel gas to the low level burner 52 at the base of the flue 20 for combustion at that location. Where separate supply conduits are provided for the high and low level burners, the low level burner nozzle is conventionally positioned at the base of the flue 38.

As previously discussed, where a rich fuel gas is employed, it is desirable to admix the rich fuel gas with a portion of the gaseous products of combustion before the rich fuel gas is conveyed through the vertical riser passageways. This dilution of the rich fuel gas eliminates the carbon deposits in the riser passageways. Section C-C of FIGURE 2 illustrates the manner in which the gaseous products of combustion, hereinafter referred to as waste gas, are conveyed downwardly through the branch conduit 78 and main conduit 62 into the horizontal mixing duct 64 located in the battery supporting mat 60. The waste gas is admixed with the rich fuel gas flowing through nozzle 72 by an aspirating effect and the admixture is conveyed through the riser passageway 62 to the low and high level burners in the on iiue where combustion takes place.

The flow regulating nozzle 76 has a flared upper portion 80 tha-t permits maximum ow of waste gas downwardly therethrough, thus reducing the possibility of carbon forming in the gas receiver passageway 62 or in the flow regulating nozzle 76.

With the above described two stage heatingsystem a single main conduit 62 supplies fuel gas to both the low level burner 52 located at the ue base portion 38 and the high level burner S4 located on the partition wall 18 above the flue base portion. The single main conduit 62 reduces substantially the number of conduits or riser passageways extending through the coke oven structure. The branch conduit 78 is open and unrestricted sothat there is no appreciable increase in the pressure of the gas supplied to the high level burner. A flow regulating nozzle 76 is provided to regulate the quantity of gas supplied to the low level burner 52 and high level burner 54 from the common main conduit 62. With this arrangement, optimum heating is easily obtained throughout the entire coking chamber.

According to the provisions of the patent statutes, the principal, preferred construction, and mode of operation of the invention have been explained, and what is now considered to represent its best embodiment has been illustrated and described. However, it should be understood that, within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically illustrated and described.

I claim:

1. A high chambered regenerative coke oven comprislng,

an elongated coking chamber having heating chambers on opposite sides thereof,

said heating chambers having a plurality of spaced transversely extending partition Walls forming a plurality of vertical ues,

la source of fuel gas positioned below said vertical flues,

'a main vertical conduit connected at one end to said flue, said conduit terminating adjacent the base portion of said flue and forming a low level burner in said flue,

:an insertable restriction at the terminal end of the conduit adjacent the base portion of the flue,

a branch conduit extending from a side of said main conduit at a location spaced below said ue base portion, said branch conduit extending through an adjacent partition wall to a high level burner orifices formed therein above said flue base portion the said orifice being unrestricted to fuel ow, and

a flow regulating means positioned in said main conduit above the juncture with said branch conduit, said iiow regulating means arranged to regulate the quantity of fuel gas delivered to said low level burner through said -main vertical conduit and the quantity of fuel gas delivered to said high level burner through said branch conduit.

2. A high chambered regenerative coke oven as set forth in claim 1 in which,

said main vertical conduit includes an enlarged portion adjacent said liue base portion,

said flow regulating means positioned in said main vertical conduit enlarged portion below said flue base portion so that combustion of said fuel ygas takes place at the base portion of said flue at said low level burner and above said flow lregulating means.

3. A high chambered regenerative coke oven as set forth in claim 1 in which,

:a pair of flues on opposite sides of said coking chamber are connected to each other by a crossover flue for the flow of gas from one flue to the other interconnected flue,

said flues each having a main vertical conduit opening into said liue base portion and a branch conduit opening into a high level burner in the flue partition wall,

a horizontal conduit connecting said main conduits below said ue base portion, said horizontal conduit arranged to convey a portion of the gaseous products of `combustion iiowing downwardly through one of said main vertical conduits to the other of said main vertical conduits for admixture with said fuel gas to thereby dilute said fuel gas and reduce the deposition of a carbonaceous residuum in the main vertical conduits.

4. A high chambered regenerative coke oven as set forth in claim 1 in which,

said flow regulating means comprises a nozzle having an opening therethrough for the flow of a preselected quantity of fuel -gas to said low level burner.

5. A high chambered regenerative coke oven as set forth in claim 1 in which said flow regulating means comprises -a nozzle having longitudinal openings therethrough for the fiow of a preselected quantity of fuel gas to said low level burner,

said nozzle opening having an outwardly flared upper portion to permit the downward flow of the gaseous products of combustion therethrough into said main conduit.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,261,763 7/ 1966 Tucker 202-142 X FOREIGN PATENTS 577,126 6/1959 Canada.

NORMAN YUDKOFF, Primary Examiner.

D. EDWARDS, Assistant Examiner.

U.S. Cl. X.R. 202-151, 144 

